Purisa Cholasueksa, DDSa; Hiroyuki Warita, DDS, PhDb; Kunimichi Soma, DDS, PhDc.: Alterations of the Rat Temporomandibular Joint in FunctionalvPosterior Displacement of the Mandible. Angle Orthod 2004;74:677–683.
Abstract: Functional malocclusion that induces posterior condylar displacement may affect the remodeling
processes of the temporomandibular joint structures. We tested the hypothesis that intermittent posterior
condylar displacement due to functional malocclusion traumatizes condylar cartilage and joint innervated
nerve fibers. Thirty-nine eight-week-old Wistar rats were used. To induce functional posterior
condylar displacement, guiding appliances were attached to maxillary incisors of 24 rats for four, seven,
and 14 days. Fifteen normal rats served as controls. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or
processed for immunohistochemistry of protein gene product 9.5 and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-
43). Functional posterior condylar displacement led to a diminution in proliferative cells, reduction in
cartilage width, and re-expression of GAP-43–immunoreactive nerve fibers. These results indicate that
intermittent posterior condylar displacement due to functional malocclusion causes dysfunctional remodeling
of condylar cartilage and nerve injury.
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